2017年2月28日火曜日

Plastic Pollution IV - 海洋プラスチック汚染 4

Before moving on to a new topic, I would like you to watch this, which, I am sure, will shock you but is actually happening hidden from our cosy lives. 


From ThisisZINC


This movie might have made you think:
How awful we humans are!  
and/or
From now on, I will try to reduce plastic waste!

It is very unlikely that you could give up everything made of plastic just now, so, maybe, you could start with something which seems easy and doable?

For example,

A. No more plastic bags - carry your own bag.
I will do it because I do not want to see more dying whales.
If you shop three times a week, you can manage to reduce the equivalent of 10-plastic-bags' waste a month.

B. Carry your own bottle, when possible.
I will do it because I do not want to see more dying shearwaters or penguins.
Primary school kids go to school dangling their own bottles around their necks/shoulders, don't they. Kids can do it, why not adults?

C. Abandon plastic umbrellas altogether.
They are cheaply made and can be very dangerous when broken anyway.

D. Say 'NO' to a plastic straw when you order a cold drink in a cafe.
It may need a bit of courage but I will do it because I do not want to see sea turtles suffering with a straw stuck in their nose.
Even if you cannot do it every time in a cafe, whenever you say 'no', you have made less waste!

E. Avoid cosmetics and personal care products containing microbeads.
Microbeads will eventually come back to us and threaten our health!

It is tricky to know which products contain microbeads in them in Japan as there is no legal regulation. Probably, the words 'exfoliating scrub' on the packaging could be used as an indicator that microbeads are in the product...

The countries which ban or have regulations on microbeads are listed on the following informative web-site:

http://www.beatthemicrobead.org/product-lists/

F. Choose snacks without individual packaging.
If you worry that you cannot eat them all in one go, you could prepare a tin or air-tight glass jar to keep them from becoming stale after opening. You might be able to even choose not to buy at all when you do not think you can finish them quickly. It is all your decision, not somebody else's. 

G. Buy bento and deli-food less frequently.
Bento or deli-food is normally in a plastic container with a plastic fork/spoon in plastic packaging. The chopsticks are wooden but they are usually wrapped in a plastic bag, occasionally with a cocktail stick in a tiny plastic bag! Because the plastic containers often have loose lids, plastic bags are normally necessary in case of leaking, which produces more and more waste as a result.

If you could do all of the above, even some of the time, that would be wonderful. But it seems rather hard. I am sure it is very hard! I would say it would be also wonderful if you could start doing something anyway. Then, if/when you feel confident enough, you could do more.

A life without plastic was our norm till merely a few decades ago. There are still a lot of people out there who remember that kind of lifestyle. Up until fairly recently, we recycled and reused anything, almost everything、 because we could not afford waste ("mottai nai" in Japanese).

We do not have to go back to the past. We simply cannot.

Instead, I would like to choose the way which is more friendly for the Earth, for us and our future even when there are many other options.

I think it is important that we just stop for a little and think about the consequences of what we are doing. And hopefully, our future friends will not become a victim of what we have done/have not done.

To calculate how much plastic you normally use in a year, try this.
https://secure.greenpeace.org.uk/page/content/plastics-calculator

You just put your name (or nickname or anything) and get started!

In my case, I use over 1,300 items of plastic a year😖

This is an article in the Guardian posted in March 2017 about the environmental costs of our throwaway culture.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/13/waste-plastic-food-packaging-recycling-throwaway-culture-dave-hall

I am hoping, one day, this kind of store will be open in Japan:

"Packaging-free shopping on the rise in Europe"
https://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2014/04/packaging-free-shopping-on-the-rise-in-europe/

It looks like an inconvenient life, but I believe it is one of the most earth-friendly ways of life and also one of the most human-friendly ways of life.



 

海洋プラスチック汚染 4 - Plastic Pollution IV

最後に、プラスチック汚染を減らすために私たちができることを考えてみる。

ちょっとショッキングな画像だけれど、これが私たち人間が便利に生活している裏で起こっている現実。

ThisisZINCの映像を見てほしい。


この映像を見て、人間って罪深い・・・と思ったり。

少しずつでもプラスチックゴミを減らそう!と考えたり、し始めた人、いるかもしれない。


プラスチックをいますぐ全廃!なんていうことは絶対にできない(と思う)ので、無謀なことは考えず、できることからしてみたらいいのだと思う。

たとえば

①レジ袋は使わず、エコバッグを携帯。
クジラを餓死させたくないから。
買い物に週に3回行くとしたら、月に10枚はレジ袋削減を達成できちゃう。

②できる限り、水筒を用意。
ミズナギドリやペンギンにこれ以上苦しんで死んでほしくないので。
小学生はよく首からぶらさげているけれど、小学生ができて、大人の私たちができないわけはないはず。

③ビニール傘はあきらめよう。
ビニール傘は壊れやすく何から何まで危険。

④カフェで冷たい飲み物を頼むときにはストローを断ってみる。
少し勇気がいることかもしれないけれど、カメの鼻に刺さったストローはもう見たくないので。
毎回でなくても1回断るごとに1本のストロー分のゴミを増やさなかったことになる!

⑤マイクロビーズ入りの日用品を使わないようにする。
結局巡り巡って私たちの体に入ってくるなんて!

日本では規制がないので、どれに入っているのかとてもわかりにくい。
でも「つぶつぶ」「顆粒」の表示があれば疑ってみてよいかもしれない。

マイクロビーズを国で規制していればこんなサイトも可能なのだけれど。
http://www.beatthemicrobead.org/product-lists/

⑥お菓子を買うときも、個別包装されていないものを。
開けちゃったら湿気てしまう!と心配なら、缶や密閉ガラス容器に入れ替えればいいし、そもそも少ししかいらないときには買わない。買ったら湿気る前に思い切りよく食べきる。そんな潔さも時には必要なのかも。

⑦お弁当やお惣菜のお世話になる回数を減らす。
プラスチック容器だけでなく、ビニール袋に個別包装されたプラスチックのフォークやスプーンがついてくる。お箸は木製でも、やはりビニール袋に包装されているし、さらに小さなビニールに入った楊枝まで丁寧についてくることも。 それにプラスチック容器のふたがきちんと閉まらないがために、ビニール袋に入れる羽目になってしまう。結果として、二重にも三重にもプラスチックのゴミが増えていく。

全部できる人はもちろん素晴らしいけれど、なかなか難しい。
何もやらないより、まずはやってみればよいと思う。
それでまだいける!と思えたら、回数や量を徐々に減らしていけばいいでは。

考えれば、ほんの数十年前まではプラスチックのない生活が普通だったはず。
そんな暮らし、覚えている人もたくさんいるでしょう?
ごく最近まで、いろいろなものを「もったいない」から何度でも使う、使い捨てのない時代だった。

ものがなかった昔に戻るわけではないし、戻ることはできない。

その代わり、たくさんの選択肢はあるけれど、より地球や自分たち、未来のみんなに優しいと思える選択肢を選びたい。

ちょっと立ち止まって自分のやろうとしていることの結果を先に考えてみるって重要なことだと思う。私たちがやってしまったこと、または、やらなかったことのせいで未来の世代が苦しまないようであってほしい。
 
Greenpeace UKイギリスのグリーンピースによる、簡単に個人のプラスチック消費を計算してくれるサイト
(スタートするには英語で名前を入れるだけ。ニックネームでもあいうえおでもなんでもOK)
ぜひ試してみて!

https://secure.greenpeace.org.uk/page/content/plastics-calculator

私は年間1300アイテムのプラスチックを使用しているって😖

英ガーディアン紙には、2017年3月に「西側諸国の使い捨て文化が世界中にゴミをまき散らしている」という記事が。西側とは日本ももちろん含まれる先進国の事。

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/13/waste-plastic-food-packaging-recycling-throwaway-culture-dave-hall

いつか日本にもお店が出店したらいいなぁ・・・
「包装なしのショッピングがヨーロッパで増加」
https://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2014/04/packaging-free-shopping-on-the-rise-in-europe/

不便かもしれないけれど、地球にも、私たち自身にも優しい生き方なんだろうな。

2017年2月21日火曜日

Plastic Pollution III - 海洋プラスチック汚染 3

The previous two posts have all been about the plastic we can see, and this one is about "Microbeads".

Microbeads are tiny, tiny plastic pieces which are added to products like face washes and toothpastes and they are so tiny -  some particles are less than 1 millimetre in dimension - that they can go through the filters of sewage plants and flow into rivers and lakes then eventually into oceans. 

All plastic pieces, regardless of their size, are believed to have properties which attract/absorb toxic pollutants such as dioxin and PCB. Such pollutants can be absorbed into the bodies of fish after they swallow microbeads, the toxins causing harm to the fish. The toxins can then go into the bodies of other creatures that consume such fish, including humans. Microbeads, then, could be a threat to human health.

When the risks were revealed a few years ago, some cosmetics makers and personal products makers started to abandon the usage of microbeads in their products and governments started to discuss the legal regulation of microbeads.

It has been reported that New Zealand will ban microbeads in make-up products in July, 2018.
"Make-up products containing tiny plastic microbeads to be banned by Govt"
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11783097

Also in the UK
"Plastic microbeads to be banned by 2017, UK government pledges"
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37263087

and in the US
"US bans microbeads from personal care products"
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/us-bans-microbeads-from-personal-care-products/9309.article

and in South Korea
"Microbeads to be banned in cosmetics products"
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160929000753

and in Taiwan
"Taiwan to ban microbeads from personal care products"
http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201606080013.aspx

So what about Japan?

"Japan is lagging behind global moves to restrict microbeads to protect the planet's oceans"
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/10/18/national/japan-lagging-behind-global-move-restrict-microbeads-protect-planets-oceans/#.WK5r83_qHIU

Oh no...


A microbeads expert says the sea water is like a thick soup of microbeads.

Japanese people love swimming in the sea and stuffing themselves with fish, shrimps and crabs, but would you like to swim in such soup and eat fish from such water?!

It is not entirely the media's fault as NHK did have a special programme about the risks of microplastic in 'Close-up Gendai' in October, 2015.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gendai/articles/3725/1.html

And Livedoor News had an article about microbeads in December, 2015.

http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/10910181/

So, that means there IS information. Even it is little, some information of 'good quality' exists if you look for it. I think it is our duty as citizens to keep looking for such information and that sometimes we have to raise our voice to be heard, to our local government or to the makers of cosmetics, if necessary, in order to protect ourselves.


海洋プラスチック汚染 3 - Plastic Pollution III

ここまでは目に見えるプラスチックの話を書いたけれど、ここでは「マイクロビーズ」について。

洗顔料や歯磨き粉に入っている粒々のことで、直径1㎜にも満たないため、下水処理場のフィルターをもすり抜けて、川や湖へ流れ込み、そして海へと流れる。

どの大きさのプラスチックも同様に、水中を漂う危険な物質、例えば、ダイオキシンやPCBなどが付着しやすいそうだ。目にも見えないこのマイクロビーズは、魚が餌を飲み込むと同時に胃の中に入れてしまう。有害物質の毒性は消化器官から体内へ吸収され、やがてその毒性を発揮することになりかねない。その魚を食べた他の生物へも有毒物質は連鎖されていくことになりえる。最終的には人体への悪影響も出てくるのかもしれない。

その危険性が明らかになり始めた数年前、世界中の化粧品会社や製薬会社の中にはマイクロビーズを使わないよう自制する会社も出始め、 各国の政府も法的に規制をしようかという議論を始めた。

ニュージーランドで化粧品にマイクロビーズを使用することを2018年7月に禁止する方向であることを発表した。
Make-up products containing tiny plastic microbeads to be banned by Govt
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11783097

イギリスでも、
Plastic microbeads to be banned by 2017, UK government pledges
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37263087

アメリカでも、
US bans microbeads from personal care products
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/us-bans-microbeads-from-personal-care-products/9309.article

お隣韓国でも、
Microbeads to be banned in cosmetics products
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160929000753

別のお隣台湾でも、
Taiwan to ban microbeads from personal care products
http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201606080013.aspx


では、日本はどうなのだろう。
Japan lagging behind global move to restrict microbeads to protect planet's oceans
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/10/18/national/japan-lagging-behind-global-move-restrict-microbeads-protect-planets-oceans/#.WK5r83_qHIU

「日本、地球の海を守ろうとマイクロビーズ規制の世界規模の動きに遅れを取っている」

おいおい・・・

あるマイクロビーズ研究者の言葉では、海水はマイクロビーズのスープのようだ、と。

そんなマイクロビーズスープの海の中、泳いでみたり、またそんな海からとれる魚やエビやカニをたらふく食べてみたりしている?!

でも、現状を無視しているメディアばかりではなく、NHKではクローズアップ現代で2015年10月にマイクロプラスチックの危険性を特集し放映しているし、
http://www.nhk.or.jp/gendai/articles/3725/1.html

ライブドアニュースでも2015年12月の記事が残っている。
http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/10910181/

つまり情報はないわけではない。
たとえ少なくても、質の良い情報は探せば存在する。
そういった情報を集めつつ、私たち市民一人ひとりも、私たち自身の健康を守るために、時には行政やメーカーへ厳しい意見を訴えていくことが必要なのではないかと思う。



2017年2月14日火曜日

Plastic Pollution II - 海洋プラスチック汚染 2

It is not only wrapping which is made of plastic but, if you look around, you will notice so much plastic integrated into your daily life.

your washing pegs, tupperware, toothbrush, biros, pen-stands, clocks/watches, baskets, files, umbrellas, dustbins, chests of drawers and even bathtubs... They all can be made of plastic.

your drink from a vending machine or convenience store - How many plastic bottles become waste every day in the whole country? 

your drink from a cafe or convenience store - Hot drinks will be poured in a paper cup with a plastic lid. Cold drinks will definitely be in a plastic cup with a plastic lid with a plastic straw. Milk and sugar-syrup in a neat plastic container can be given with a plastic stir-stick.

your hobbies - Many DVD cases, fishing lines, planting pots, golf balls, children's insect-keeping baskets are made of plastic.

When you name them, the list goes on forever, which tells us all about our convenient and comfortable lives with plastic. 

BUT!!

Is the price we have to pay for the convenient and comfortable lives to eat plastic?!

Well, it is a disturbing idea and not many people will have thought about the possibilities that the plastic bottle in front of them now may eventually end up in their body, especially in Japan where plastic pollution is not acknowledged.

It is not only for us, humans, of course. Plastic waste has already had a huge impact on other living creatures.

To see examples, you just need to type 'plastic pollution' into Google search. There will be thousands of horrifying images of, for example, dead seabirds full of lids of plastic bottles in their guts and turtles deformed by six-pack plastics or fishing lines, as well as thousands of images of floating waste covering the water surface.

The plastic waste has made headlines all over the world.

'Norway whale starves to death after swallowing 30 plastic bags'
(It had to be put down after scientists realised it would not survive since it had became badly malnourished by the plastic bags in its stomach.)

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/norway-whale-starves-death-after-swallowing-30-plastic-bags-1604860

'Plastic in 99 percent of seabirds by 2050'

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150831163739.htm

'More plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 says Ellen MacArthur'

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/19/more-plastic-than-fish-in-the-sea-by-2050-warns-ellen-macarthur

Our convenient life, our comfortable life, and our insatiable desire..
The price for that may have become something we have never imagined.